This course is a comprehensive study of underlying concepts common to the major pathophysiologic processes of the body. The influence of psychoneuroimmunologic mechanisms upon structure and function of the body's adaptive and compensatory needs will be explored. The interaction of age, life-style, culture, gender differences, and intrinsic and extrinsic environmental factors will be examined in relation to these psychoneuroimmunologic mechanisms. Emphasis is placed upon the pathophysiological concepts essential for understanding the rationale for preventive and therapeutic nursing interventions and medications associated with these disease processes. To earn credit, this course must be completed with a grade of “C” or better.