Study Guide Exam 2
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Constitutions - general definition
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Iroquois Confederation
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unwritten constitution
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Virtue of vagueness
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Tradition
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Amendability
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political economy |
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inflation |
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interest rates |
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unemployment |
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Michel's Iron Law
of Oligarchy |
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party
identification |
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interest groups |
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types of (Table
12-1) |
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tactics of |
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selective
incentives |
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pluralism |
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noecorporatism |
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paradox of
participation |
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corruption in government |
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proportional representation |
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SMDP |
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voter turnout - US |
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voter turnout |
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two-party system |
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multi-party system |
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dominant-party system |
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one-party system |
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collective action problem & interest groups |
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Mancur Olson |
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Four Phases of PA |
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§
POSDCORB- Government as Machine |
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Social Science Heterodoxy- Government as
Organic Entity |
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Democratic Idealism- Government as people |
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§
Refounding Movement-
Government as System |
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Core Concepts |
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·
Efficiency |
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Accountability |
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Citizen participation |
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Goodnow |
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White |
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Taylor- Practioner root |
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Simon |
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Social Science Heterodoxy- Government as Organic Entity |
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Organization and Management Behavior |
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Chris Argyris |
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Abraham Maslow |
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Herzberg |
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McGregor |
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Mary Parker Follet |
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Systems Theory |
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Democratic Idealism- Government as people |
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Waldo |
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Appleby |
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Frederickson |
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---New Public Administration (NPA) |
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Refounding Movement- Government
as System |
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Reinventing government |
Rohr
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Current Problems |
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Representation
in Congress |
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-
Apportionment |
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- The Great
Compromise |
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- Election
of legislators |
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- 435
Representatives - number frozen in 1912 |
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- 100
Senators |
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- 9-10,000
bills each session |
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Professionalization
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-
reelection rates |
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Power |
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- Delegate
theory |
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- Trustee
theory |
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- Party
loyalist |
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The
Electoral Connection |
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Casework |
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2 main
principles of organization |
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1.
control = majority party. |
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2.
day-to-day details in committees |
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Party
discipline |
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Speaker of
the House: |
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President
Pro-tempore |
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Senate
Majority Leader |
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Congressional
committees |
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- Standing
Committee |
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- SubCommittees |
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Prestige
Committees |
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Policy/
Constituent Service |
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Undesired
Committees |
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Committee
assignments |
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- seniority
system |
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Bill to a
Law |
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-
Introducing a bill |
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- Committee
action |
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- Floor
action |
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Conference committee |
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Presidential action |
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Oversight |
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Presidency |
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Article II
of the Constitution |
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Modern
Presidency |
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George
Washington |
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Thomas
Jefferson |
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James Polk |
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Abraham
Lincoln |
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Theodore
Roosevelt |
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- Great
White Fleet |
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- the bully
pulpit |
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- going
public |
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Woodrow
Wilson |
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Franklin
Roosevelt |
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Chief of State |
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Commander
in Chief |
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Chief
Administrator |
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Chief
Legislator |
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Manager of
the Economy |
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Chief
diplomat |
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Head of
Political Party |
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Cabinet |
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The White
House Staff |
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Chief of
Staff |
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National
Security Advisor |
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Office of
Management and Budge |
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Office of
the Vice President |
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Presidential
Approval Ratings |
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Federal
Courts |
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common law |
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precedent
or stare decisis |
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Judicial
Review |
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Marbury v. |
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Judicial
Restraint |
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Judicial
Activism |
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Senatorial
Courtesy |
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- US
District Courts |
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- Federal
Court of Appeals |
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The |
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- writ of
certiorari |
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- RULE OF 4
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- 1)
justices review the briefs |
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- 2) oral
arguments |
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-- majority
opinion |
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--
dissenting opinion |
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--
concurring opinion |
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- before
these written |
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Bureaucracy |
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- Any
organization that is hierarchically structured |
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- Max Weber
- most commonly used definition or description |
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- Model
bureaucracy feature four (4) characteristics: |
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- hierarchy |
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-
specialization |
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- explicit
rules |
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- merit |
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Spoils
System |
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- Political
Patronage |
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Pendleton
Act |
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Civil
Service System |
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Bureaucracy
Problems- |
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- Iron
Triangle - bureaucracy takes “care” of client |
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- Capture –
interest group dominates state agency |
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- Revolving
Door – switching jobs from government to private |
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Departments |
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Independent
Agencies |
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Independent
Regulatory Commissions and Boards |
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Government
Corporations |
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Presidential
Commissions |
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Political
Party |
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theoretical
roles of political parties in democracy |
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Political
Party |
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Three (3)
interacting groups of supporters called partisans. |
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1.
Professionals |
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2. Candidates: |
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3. Rank and file supporters: |
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Party
Activists |
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2 party
system. |
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Characteristics of American party system: |
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1. Major parties have been very inclusive in
their membership. |
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2. Wide-ranging in political
beliefs. |
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- 3. Non-ideological or pragmatic in their approach to govt. and
public policy. |
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Why a 2
Party System- |
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Party
System History |
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- 1789-1824
(National Parties) |
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---Federalists. |
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---Democratic-Republicans. |
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- Era of
Good Feelings 1816-1824 |
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- 1828-1852
(Regionalization of Parties) |
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---Democratic
Party. |
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---Whig
Party |
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- The Civil
War and its Aftermath (1856-1892) |
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---The
Republican Party w |
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---Democratic
Party |
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- The
Republican Era (1896-1928) |
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- The |
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-Current Dealignment- 1968
– present- |
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- 1994
Republican Realignment???? |
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- Dealignment |
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-
Realignment |
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- 1828,
1860, 1896, 1932, 1968, ---- (1994---???) |
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Essays |
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1) What is POSDCORB? Explain. |
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2) One of
the challenges for public managers is to define "efficiency." Discuss the evolution of the term in Public
Administration. How do you think
"efficiency" should be measured in the
public sector? |
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3) Maslow's need hierarchy is considered to
be the foundation for all subsequent research on organizational
motivation. What is it? How can it be applied
to management? |
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4) Do you
find Weber's model adequate for modern administrative issues? Explain with examples how the ideal model
of Bureaucracy succeeds or fails to confront current problems. |
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5) What is
the main argument for having central banks independent of the government's
political leaders? How might such an argument be challenged and why might the
relation between the two not be as obvious as it may appear? |
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6) What
factors affect whether or not people vote?
What is the “paradox of participation”? Why do people vote even though it may seem
irrational? Why is it inadequate to
view voting simply in terms of individual costs and benefits? |
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7) Why are elections “in vogue” in
democracies and autocratic states?
Give examples. |
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8) What are the theoretical roles of political parties in democracy? Explain. |
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9) How
can the control of information and expertise be a great source of power for a
group? |
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10) What are the advantages and
disadvantages of neocorporatist systems? Use examples |